What Is Latest Depression Treatments? History Of Latest Depression Tre…
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Latest Depression TreatmentsIf your depression doesn't improve through psychotherapy and antidepressants, new drugs that act quickly may be able treat depression that is resistant to treatment.
SSRIs, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are the most commonly prescribed and well-known antidepressants. They alter how long does depression treatment last the brain processes serotonin which is a chemical messenger.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) assists you in changing negative thoughts and behaviours such as despair. It's available through the NHS for 8 to 16 sessions.
1. Esketamine
The FDA approved the new treatment for depression in March 2019 nasal spray known as esketamine (brand name Spravato). It is derived from the anesthetic ketamine, which has been shown to help in severe cases of depression. The nasal spray is used in conjunction with an oral antidepressant to treat depression that hasn't responded to standard medication. In one study 70 percent of patients with depression that was resistant to treatment treated with the drug had a positive response which was a more rapid response rate than the use of an oral best antidepressant for treatment resistant depression.
Esketamine acts differently than conventional antidepressants. It raises levels of naturally occurring chemicals in the brain, called neurotransmitters. These chemicals transmit messages between brain cells. The effects aren't immediately apparent. Patients usually feel better after a couple of days however, the effects last longer than with SSRIs or SNRIs, which may take weeks to months to show results.
Researchers believe that esketamine reduces symptoms of depression by strengthening connections between brain cells. In animal studies, esketamine reversed these connections that can be broken down by chronic stress and depression. Additionally, it appears to stimulate the development of neurons that help reduce suicidal thoughts and feelings.
Another reason esketamine stands out from other antidepressants is the fact that it is administered via a nasal spray, which allows it to enter the bloodstream much faster than pills or oral medication could. The drug has been shown to decrease depression symptoms within hours, and in certain people the effects are immediately.
A recent study that tracked patients for 16-weeks found that not all patients who began treatment with esketamine were actually in Remission. This is disappointing, but not surprising according to Dr. Amit A. Anand, a ketamine expert who was not involved with the study.
Esketamine is only available in private depression treatment practice or in clinical trials. Esketamine is not a first-line option to treat depression. It is prescribed when SSRIs and SNRIs don't work for a patient with treatment-resistant depressive disorder. Doctors can determine if the condition is resistant to treatment, and then determine whether esketamine might be beneficial.
2. TMS
TMS utilizes magnetic fields in order to stimulate brain nerve cells. It is noninvasive and does not require anesthesia or surgery. It has been proven to help people with depression who have not responded to medication or psychotherapy. It can also be used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and tinnitus.
For depression, TMS therapy is typically delivered as a series of 36 daily treatments spread over six weeks. The magnetic pulses feel like pinpricks that are placed on the scalp and can take a bit of getting used to. Patients are able to return to work or home after a treatment session. Each TMS session lasts between 3.5 minutes and 20 minutes, depending on the stimulation pattern.
Researchers believe that rTMS can alter the ways to treat depression that neurons communicate. This process, known as neuroplasticity, allows the brain to create new connections and alter its functions.
Currently, TMS is FDA-cleared to treat depression when other treatments such as talk therapy and medications, haven't succeeded. It has also been proven to help people with tinnitus, OCD and pain. Researchers are examining whether it could be used to treat anxiety and Parkinson's disease.
Although a number of different studies have shown that TMS can improve depression, not everyone who receives the treatment benefits. It is essential to have a thorough psychiatric and medical examination prior to attempting this treatment. TMS is not suitable for you in the event of a history or are taking certain medications.
Talking to your doctor could be beneficial if you're struggling with depression but not experiencing any positive results from your current treatment. You could be a good candidate for a trial of TMS or other forms of neurostimulation but you need to try several antidepressants first before insurance coverage covers the cost. If you are interested in knowing more about these life-changing treatments, call us today to schedule a consultation. Our experts will guide you through the process of the decision of whether TMS treatment is suitable for you.
3. Deep stimulation of the brain
A non-invasive treatment that resets the brain's circuitry could be efficient in just one week for those suffering from depression that is resistant to treatment. Researchers have come up with new methods that permit them to deliver high-dose magnetic pulses to the brain in a shorter period of time and at a frequency that is more suitable for patients.
Stanford neuromodulation therapy, now available in the Advanced Psychiatric Therapeutics Clinic at the UC Davis Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences utilizes MRI images to direct electrodes to deliver magnetic pulses to targeted areas of the brain. In a recent study, Mitra & Raichle found that in three quarters of patients with depression, the normal flow of neural activity was disrupted, shifting from the anterior cortex to the anterior cortex. SNT returned the flow back to normal within a couple of days, coinciding perfectly with the lifting of their depression.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a more invasive procedure, can produce similar results in some patients. After a series of tests to determine the most appropriate place for the implant, neurosurgeons can insert one or more wires, known as leads, into the brain. The leads are connected by the neurostimulator. It is placed under the collarbone and appears like an electronic pacemaker. The device delivers an uninterrupted electric current through the leads. This alters the brain’s natural circuitry, which reduces depression symptoms.
Some psychotherapy treatments may also help relieve depression symptoms, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy. Psychotherapy can be conducted in groups or in one-on-one sessions with a mental health professional. Some therapists offer the option of telehealth.
Antidepressants are the mainstay of treatment for depression. In recent times, however there have also been notable advancements in the speed at which they can alleviate depressive symptoms. Newer drugs, such as gepirone (Exxua), esketamine (Spravato), brexanolone (Zulresso) and dextromethorphan-bupropion (Auvelity), all have been shown to work faster than older antidepressants.
Other therapies use electric or magnetic stimulation to stimulate the brain, like electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). These are more complex procedures that need to be performed under the supervision of a doctor. In some instances they may cause seizures or other serious adverse side effects.
4. Light therapy
Bright light therapy involves sitting or standing in front of a bright light source. This treatment has been used for a number of years to treat seasonal depression as well as major depressive disorder (SAD). Studies have shown that it can relieve symptoms like fatigue and sadness by regulating the circadian rhythms and boosting mood. It can also help people who experience depression that is intermittently present.
Light therapy mimics the sun, which is a major component of a biological clock known as suprachiasmatic (SCN). The SCN is linked to mood, and light therapy can alter the circadian rhythms that may contribute to depression. Light therapy can also lower the production of melatonin and improve the function of neurotransmitters.
Some doctors use light therapy to combat winter blues. This is a milder type of depression that is similar best way To Treat Depression SAD, but only is more common and is more prevalent during the months that have the least amount of sunlight. They suggest sitting in front of a light therapy device each morning for 30 minutes while awake to get the most benefit. Contrary to antidepressants, which may take weeks to kick in and often cause side effects like weight gain or nausea, light therapy can produce results in just a week. It's also safe during pregnancy and for those who are older.
However, some research experts warn that a person should never attempt light therapy without consulting of a psychiatrist or mental health professional, as it can cause a manic episode for those with bipolar disorder. Some people may feel tired within the first week due to the fact that light therapy can alter their sleep-wake pattern.
PCPs must be aware of the latest treatments that have been approved by the FDA. However they shouldn't dismiss tried-and-true methods like antidepressants or cognitive behavioral therapy. Dr. Hellerstein told Healio that while the search for better and newer treatments is exciting, we should focus on the most proven treatments. He says PCPs must educate their patients about the advantages of new treatments and help them stick with their treatment plans. This could include offering transportation to their doctor's appointment or setting up reminders to take medications and attend therapy sessions.
